Which FHRP is an open-standard solution with one master and backups sharing a virtual IP?

Which FHRP is an open-standard solution with one master and backups sharing a virtual IP?

• A. GLBP
• B. VRRP
• C. HSRP
• D. FHRP

Answer: (B)

Think of a gateway redundancy setup where multiple routers share one virtual IP address, and one router is the active forwarder (the Master) while the others stay ready as backups. The Master answers traffic for that virtual IP and forwards it just like any other destination, while backups monitor the Master and take over if it fails, all without hosts needing to change their gateway. The open-standard solution that matches this arrangement is VRRP. It’s defined by the IETF as a standard and is vendor-neutral, which is why it’s described as an open standard. In VRRP, one router is elected as the Master for the shared virtual IP, and the others are backups. If the Master goes down, a backup with the next highest priority becomes the new Master and continues serving the VIP, maintaining seamless connectivity for hosts. Other options don’t fit as neatly. HSRP is Cisco-proprietary, not an open standard. GLBP also uses a shared virtual IP but is designed for load balancing across multiple gateways with active forwards, so it isn’t the single Master-and-backups model described.

Think of a gateway redundancy setup where multiple routers share one virtual IP address, and one router is the active forwarder (the Master) while the others stay ready as backups. The Master answers traffic for that virtual IP and forwards it just like any other destination, while backups monitor the Master and take over if it fails, all without hosts needing to change their gateway.

The open-standard solution that matches this arrangement is VRRP. It’s defined by the IETF as a standard and is vendor-neutral, which is why it’s described as an open standard. In VRRP, one router is elected as the Master for the shared virtual IP, and the others are backups. If the Master goes down, a backup with the next highest priority becomes the new Master and continues serving the VIP, maintaining seamless connectivity for hosts.

Other options don’t fit as neatly. HSRP is Cisco-proprietary, not an open standard. GLBP also uses a shared virtual IP but is designed for load balancing across multiple gateways with active forwards, so it isn’t the single Master-and-backups model described.